At the heart of every modern climbing helmet is a layer of energy-absorbing foam, and understanding the science behind this material is what separates good manufacturers from great ones. For years, the industry standard has been EPS (Expanded Polystyrene). EPS is a fantastic material for absorbing major impact forces. Upon a significant impact, the foam's rigid cellular structure crushes, dissipating energy that would otherwise be transferred to the skull. This is the critical, life-saving function of a helmet. However, EPS is a "one-and-done" material; once crushed, it does not recover. This is why at SPIRIT, for our premium helmet lines, we also work with EPP (Expanded Polypropylene). EPP has an elastic memory, meaning it can deform under pressure and then return to its original shape. This makes it ideal for handling the multiple, smaller impacts a climbing helmet might endure over its life—like being knocked around in a pack or bumping against the rock. We often engineer hybrid solutions, using EPP in high-wear areas and EPS in critical impact zones. This mastery of material science allows us to engineer a helmet that provides the best possible protection against a wide spectrum of real-world scenarios.